Question Paper

COMMON GUIDELINES FOR MODEL QUESTION PAPER PATTERN In view of current challenges in imbibing quality in MBA education, the following changes are proposed by the Board of Examination in the Evaluation pattern of I Semester MBA from Jan/Feb 2012 examination on wards. Construct of Question Paper All 8 Modules should be given importance and questions need to be jumbled from all modules. No question should be set from practical component part of the syllabus. Theory based courses Subjects Knowledge based questions 1.Any 3 questions to be answered by setting 6 questions. 2. All modules must be given equal importance 12MBA11, 12MBA12,12MBA15 and 12MBA16 Q1- 3 + 7 +10 Q2- 3 + 7 +10 Q3- 3 + 7 +10 Q4- 5+5+10 Q5- 5+5+10 Q6- 5+15 or 10+10 Note: In 12 MBA 12, : One full question (all parts) consisting of simple problems from Mod 3 (Except Demand forecasting) and Mod 8 only to be set. Q7- a. b. c. d. 5X4 = 20 marks Q8. a. Theoretical model for analyzing case b. Sub question 1 c. Sub question 2 d.S ub question 3 5X4=20 Marks Theory+ Problem based courses (40% Theory + 60% Problems) 12MBA13& 12MBA14 Q1- 3 + 7 +10 Q2- 3 + 7 +10 Q3- 3 + 7 +10 Q4- 5+5+10 Q5- 5+5+10 Q6- 5+15 or 10+10 Note: One full question (all parts) must be full of theory only Skill based questions 1. One question Compulsory 2. Equal importance must be given for all modules Ability based question(s) Case let Compulsory Q7- a. b. c. d. 5X4 = 20 marks Q8. 10+10 or 5+15 or 5X4=20 Problem and / or theory combination. Content of Question Paper Part-A: Knowledge based questions (Q1 to Q6 – Answer any 3) A. Mark questions Short questions which demand answer not more than a paragraph and which test the understanding of concept of the contents prescribed in the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 4 minutes by an average student. B. 5 Marks questionsSemi-descriptive questions which demand answer not more than two paragraphs and which test the understanding of concept and / or scope of the concept or short problem. Answering this should not take more than 7 minutes by an average student. C. Marks questionsDescriptive questions which demand answer not more than 0ne page which test the understanding of the scope and description of the contents or moderate problem of the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 10 minutes by an average student. D. 10 Marks questionsEssay questions which demand answer not more than 3 pages which test the understanding of concept with practical illustrations of the contents or long problem of the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 15 minutes by an average student. E. 5 Marks questionsNarrative Essay question which demands answer not more 4 pages which test the narrative ability of student related to the concept and its scope with practical illustrations or a very lengthy problem of the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 22 minutes by an average student. Part-B: Skill based questions (Q7 Compulsory) 5 Marks X 4 QuestionsThis question tests the degree of skill acquired by the student in the subject area of prescribed syllabus. This should cover the application part of the contents of the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 30 minutes by an average student.Part-C: Ability based questions (Q8 Compulsory) 5 Marks Question – This question is to test the selection of theoretical model used in case analysis. 5MarksX3 Questions – These questions are to test ability acquired by the Students to analyze the case and to provide the trivial solutions to the case situation. Answering this should not take more than 30 minutes by an average student. Note: Refer Question Bank and model question paper(s) for more clarity. 12MBA11 MANAGING THE ORGANISATION Model Skill based questions 1. †An employee is dissatisfied as he was reporting to two bosses†. ow do you solve this problem? —-Fayal’s Principles 2. â€Å"An Honest individual is made in charge of marketing department. In due course he developed negative job efficacy† how do you address this problem? —-Role disability 3. In the sky the clouds take the different shapes of imagination. Why? ——Perception 4. Sham got his double increment in salary of Jan 2012. His motivational graph turned down by July 2012 after settling his proposed budget for that month. Describe why? —–Maslow’s 5. â€Å"Defense people are more effective than civilian† substantiate——-Leadership style 6. Modern Indian management is more powerful rather than traditional† Substantiate–Theory X and Theory Y 7. â€Å"The out punch time of a boss will be first out punch in an organization† Substantiate. — Organization Culture 8. â€Å"While reworking the defective product, more mistakes will happen† Substantiate. —Work stress 9. â€Å"The CEO is thinking of uniformity of production, where as the marketing e xecutive focus for high production to match the demand† Who is correct? Why? — Strategic and operational decision making Managing Organisations-12MBA11 Model Question paper PART- A Answer any three full questions 1 (a) Define Personality. b) What are the different types of Control? Give an example for each. (c) Explain the managerial roles expected by modern organizations. 2. (a) What is empowerment? (b) Differentiate between groups and teams. (c) Explain the personality attributes influencing OB. 3. (a) What is Esprit de Corps? (b) â€Å"Planning and Controlling are inseparable†. Comment (c ) Explain the perceptual process with suitable examples 4. (a) What is an ideal span of control? Why? (5marks) (5 marks) (3 marks) (7 marks) (10 marks) (3 marks) (7 marks) (10 marks) (3 marks) (7 marks) (10 marks) b) â€Å"Too many controls in an organization declines creativity†. Comment. ( C) An employee is extremely productive, but has been showing signs of work str ess and is facing problems adapting to organization culture. As a manager how would you handle this employee? (10 marks) 5. (a )State the techniques used in decision making? Which technique will you adopt? (5 marks) (b) Write a note on contribution of Peter F Drucker to the evolution of management thought. (5 marks) (C)State the different types of organization structures in use? Explain any one 6. (a) What are the dimensions of emotional intelligence ? b) State any five principles of Henry Fayal. (c ) Explain the role of emotions in the formation of attitude . (10 marks) (5 marks) (5 marks) (10 marks) PART- B ( compulsory) 4X5 Marks=20 7. (a). Abnormal features always have long perceptivity. Why? (b) Setting objective in advance and chasing is good for Individual and organization. Substantiate (c) It has often been stated that most work within an organization is done informally. Comment (d) In modern organization, the employee and employer relationship is mandatory. However, the con flicts arise. How do you resolve this? 8. Case Study PART- C (compulsory) Mr.Ranjan Kumar is the Managing Director of a soap manufacturing company. To increase sales, the Board of Directors wanted to start a full fledged marketing department; Mr. Kumar is entrusted with the task of finding a suitable candidate to head the proposed marketing department. After considering a number of candidates, he has narrowed down his choice to two persons: Vishwanath Dutt and Rajnarain. Mr. Vishwanath Dutt has excellent track record in the company. During his fruitful association with the company, to be precise 10 years, he has always shown a high degree of enthusiasm and initiative in his work.He is still young (35 years) dynamic and aggressive. He is result oriented and he is more interested in ends rather than means. One of the workers testifying his leadership quality remarked thus: â€Å"Though he is harsh at times you will know where you stand when you work with him. When you have done a goo d job, he lets you know it†. Mr. Dutt is willing to shoulder additional responsibilities. He decides things quickly and when action is required. He is „always on his toes?. During his fifteen years tenure in the company, Mr. Rajnarain has endeared himself to all his colleagues by his superior workman ship and pleasing manners.He always believes in the principle of employee participation in the decision making process. Unlike Mr. Dutt, he encourages his subordinates to come out with innovative ideas and useful suggestions. Before arriving at a decision he always makes it a point to consult his subordinate. Not surprisingly, all his subordinates are very pleased to work under him and praise his leadership qualities. Company records also bear evidence for the increase in the production soon after Rajnarain became the head of his department. Questions: a. b. c. d. (5X4=20 marks)State the theoretical model used to analyze this case. Analyze the leadership qualities and styles of Mr. Dutt. Analyse the leadership qualities and styles of Mr. Rajnarain. Whom do you recommend for the position of marketing manager? Why? 12MBA12-Managerial Economics Some Skill Based Sample Questions and Problems 1. Prospective car buyers are sometimes confronted by sales representatives who argue that they can offer a vehicle that is Honda Civic as good as a BMW, but at one-half the price. Use the indifference concept to explain why the claims of the sales representative are not credible. 2.Following a price change for Diet Coke, explain how retailers use sales information to learn if Lays snack chips represent a complement or substitute for Diet Coke. 3. During the past 40 years the average price of a new single-family home has risen by a factor of ten, making the cost of housing prohibitive for many Indians. Over the same time frame, however, the number of units sold per year has more than doubled. Are these data inconsistent with the idea of a downward-sloping demand curve for new housing? 4. What would an upward-sloping demand curve imply about the marginal utility derived from consumption?Why aren't upward sloping demand curves observed in the real world? 5. Forecasting the success of new product introductions is difficult. Describe some of the economic factors that a firm might consider in forecasting sales for a new tooth paste. 6. Individual consumer demand declines for inferior goods as personal income increases because consumers replace them with more desirable alternatives. Is an inverse relation between demand and national income likely for such products? 7. The price a firm receives for its product is Rs. 50 per unit. Its total cost function is 8000 + 10Q. At what quantity do total costs equal total revenues? 8.KSRTC (Volvo Service) have a capacity to carry a maximum of 10,000 passengers per month from Bangalore to Hyderabad at a fare of Rs. 600. Variable costs are Rs. 100 per passenger and fixed costs are Rs. 30,000 per month. How many pass engers should be carried per month to break even? 9. Suppose you are a sales manager of an organization. Explain how the analysis of demand contributes to business decision making, in the light of the responsibilities of a managerial economist/sales manager 10. Mr. Balakrishnan, the research manager for marketing at the Maruti Udyog Limited has specified the following demand function for Maruti Alto K10 in India:Qm= f (Pm,N,I,PH,PG,A P1) Where Qm, is the quantity demanded of Maruti Alto K10 per year, Pm is the price of Maruti Alto K10, N is population, I is the disposable income, PH is price of Hyundai, PG is price of gasoline, A is the amount of advertisement on Maruti Alto K10 and P1 is credit incentive to purchase Maruti Alto K10. Indicate whether you expect each independent or explanatory variable to be directly or inversely related to the quantity demanded of Maruti Alto K10 and the reason for your expectation. 11.Construct a hypothetical cost schedule and bring out the cost ou tput relationships in the short run between output and TC, TFC, TVC, AC, AFC, AVC 12. The demand function for Pepsi in Bangalore city is Q=400-4P Where, Q=Quantity demanded of Pepsi (in „000 bottles per week), P=Price of Pepsi per bottle, Construct a demand curve assuming price Rs. 10, 12, 15, 20 and 25 per bottle 13. A firm manufactures cars at its plant in India. At a capacity of 100 cars per week it knows that it has an assembly cost of Rs. 5,000 per car. It needs to expand production and does a series of design and cost exercises.The results are summarized below. 12MBA12 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Time: 3 Hours All Questions carry equal marks MODEL PAPER Max Marks: 100 Part- A Answer Any Three questions 1. a. Define Managerial economics 3 Marks b. Suppose you are a sales manager of an organization. Explain how the analysis of demand contributes to business decision making, in the light of the responsibilities of a sales manager. 7 Marks c. What conditions are necessary before pr ice discrimination is both possible and profitable? Why does price discrimination result in higher profits? 10 Marks 2. a. What is marginal cost? Marks b. Mention the salient features of long run average cost curve. What is its significance in managerial decision making? 7 Marks c. â€Å"Price leadership is an alternative co-operative method used to avoid tough competition†. Comment 10 Marks 3. a. What is Kink Demand Curve? 3 marks b. Critically examine the Cyert and March behavioral theory of the firm. 7 Marks c. What is production function? How does a long run production function is different from a short run production function? 10 Marks 4. a. â€Å"Managerial economics bridges the gap between economic theory and business practice†.Discuss 5 Marks b. Discuss the types of cartels with suitable examples from India 5 Marks c. Describe why Long Run Average Cost (LAC) curve is called as Planning Curve and envelope curve. 10 Marks 5. a. State the Law of Supply. List the f actors which determine the elasticity of supply. 5 Marks b. Discuss various cost concepts 5 Marks c. â€Å"It is believed that a firm under perfect competition is a price-taker and not a price maker† Explain with examples. 10 Marks 6. a. What is the basic objective of a firm? Distinguish between „Accounting Profit? and „Economic Profit? ith the help of an illustration. 5 Marks b. Profit is maximum when the difference between total revenue and total cost is the greatest. How is this equivalent to saying that profit is maximum when MR=MC? 10 Marks Part – B (Compulsory) 7. a. KSRTC (Volvo Service) have a capacity to carry a maximum of 10,000 passengers per month from Bangalore to Hyderabad at a fare of Rs. 600. Variable costs are Rs. 100 per passenger and fixed costs are Rs. 30,000 per month. How many passengers should be carried per month to break even? 5 Marks b. Suppose you are a sales manager of an organization.Explain how the analysis of demand contribute s to business decision making, in the light of the responsibilities of a managerial economist/sales manager 5 Marks c. Construct a hypothetical cost schedule and bring out the cost output relationships in the short run between output and TC, TFC, TVC, AC, AFC, AVC 5 Marks d. The demand function for Pepsi in Bangalore city is Q=400-4P where, Q=Quantity demanded of Pepsi (in „000 bottles per week), P=Price of Pepsi per bottle, Construct a demand curve assuming price Rs. 10, 12, 15, 20 and 25 per bottle 5 marks Part C (Compulsory) 8.Case Study 20 Marks The Times of India is one of the leading newspapers in India. In September 1972, it reduced its price from 45 paisa to 20 paisa per paper while the prices of its rivals remained unchanged. The number of news papers sold by TOI and its rivals was as follows: Paper August-1972 May-1973 3,55,000 5,18,000 TOI 10,24,000 9,93,000 Statesman 3,92,000 4,02,000 The Hindu 2,77,000 Hindustan Times 3,25,000 a. Analyze the case and summarize usi ng appropriate concepts studied 5 Marks b. Based on the above information, find out the price elasticity of demand for TOI state whether it is elastic or inelastic. 5 Marks c.Whether the cross elasticity of demand between Statesman and TOI positive or Negative? 5 Marks d. Find possible reasons why demand for Hindustan Times decreased? 5 Marks Quantitative Methods – I (12MBA13) Model Skill based questions for Q 7 1. â€Å"Colgate toothpaste sales in Banashankari zone have dipped in last three weeks†. Design Research method for analyzing this. (— Management problem + Exploratory research+) 2. â€Å"The training effectiveness extended to employee has to be tested† suggest the type of research? Why? (—–Experimental research) 3. Define the target population for the research problem† Employee absenteeism† 4.Diesel price is hiked by 7 pm. On the same day by 9 pm news the opinion on hike has to be telecasted. Suggest the process of resea rch design. (Non-probability sampling +Diesel vehicle owners + Interview technique) 5. The impact of Advertisement on sales is to be analyzed suggest the tools used. Why? ( Correlation) 6. The bus arriving at a terminal is to be forecasted. Suggest which method is used? Why? ( Probability) 7. The past sales records are available is it possible to forecast the future sales? How? ( Regression) 8. Is it possible to test the opinion given by the gender mix? How? ( Chi Square Test) 9.An opinion is collected between two strata employee on Dissatisfaction. How do you test the difference in opinion among the group and between the groups? Explain( Two way ANOVA) 10. In the research output the value of deficiency of data validation is 0. 25. Then how this value is calculated? ( Multi variate Regression( 1- R Square )= 0. 25 ) Quantitative Methods – I (12MBA13) Model Question Paper Duration: 180 Minutes Max Marks: 100 Part – A Answer any 3 questions 1. a) Differentiate management problem with research problem. b) State the Characteristics of good measurement c) State and explain the contents of report writing in detail. 3 M) (7 M) (10 M) 2 a) Define sampling? b) State the procedure of hypothesis testing. c) The sales and advertisement expenses of a firm is given below; Firm: Sales (Rs. Lakhs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (3 M) (7 M) (10 M) 10 50 50 55 60 65 65 65 60 60 50 Expenses (Rs. Lakhs) 11 13 14 16 16 15 15 14 13 13 Calculate the co-efficient of correlation and comment 3 a)Differentiate between census and survey. ( 3 M) b) The median and mode of the following wage distribution are known to be Rs. 33. 5 and 34. If the total number of workers is 230, find the missing frequencies. (7 M) Wages (in Rs) No. f workers 0-10 4 10-20 16 20-30 X1 30-40 X2 40-50 X3 50-60 6 60-70 4 c) The marks scored by set of students are given below; Marks (Economics) : 25 28 35 32 31 36 29 38 34 32 Marks (Statistics) : 43 46 49 41 36 32 31 30 33 39 (10 M) Construct the regression equatio ns. Calculate the most likely mark in statisticswhen mark in economics is 30. 4 a). â€Å"After settlement the average weekly wage in a factory had increased from Rs 800 to Rs 1200 and the standard deviation has increased from Rs 100 to Rs 150†³. Comment on the uniformity of the wages before and after the settlement. 5 M) b). An aero plane flies around a square the sides of which measure 100 km each. The aero plane covers at a speed of 100km/hr the first side, at 200 km/hr the second side, at 300 km/hr the third side and at 400 km/hr the forth side. What is the average speed of the aero plane around the square? (5 M) c). A company maintains two regional offices. It is interested in knowing whether or not there are significant differences in the proportions of smokers in two offices. In regional office A, a random sample of 70 employees was taken and it was found that 40 percent were smokers.In regional office B, a random sample of 100 employees indicated 55 as smokers. Is the difference between the proportions of smokers in the two regional offices significant? 5 a). State the steps carried out in ANOVA test b). Substantiate the power of literature review (5 M) (5 M) (10M) c). Three machines A, B and C produce respectively 60%, 30% and 10% of the total number of items of a factory. The percentages of defective output of these machines are respectively 2%, 3% and 4%. An item is selected at random and is found defective. Find the probability that the item was produced by machine C. 6 a).Differentiate between Liketr’s scale & semantic differential scale. (5 M) b). An aero plane flies around a square the sides of which measure 100 km each. The aero plane covers at a speed of 100km/hr the first side, at 200 km/hr the second side, at 300 km/hr the third side and at 400 km/hr the forth side. What is the average speed of the aero plane around the square? (5 M) c). Find i) Inter quartile Range ii) Quartile deviation iii) Coefficient of Quartile deviation f or the following distribution. (10M) Class Frequency 0-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75 75-90 90-105 8 26 30 45 20 17 4 Part – B (Compulsory) 7 a).After applying the correlation test for the Variables Student performance with teacher performance the computed value for r is determined as 0. 9. Suggest your interpretation of results. (5M) b). In Z test, the table value is 1. 96 and computed value is 2. 0. State the result of Hypothesis. (5M) c). † Increase in sales is not due to only advertisements† Do you agree? What type of statistic test is to be applied in this case? (5M) d). The research involves sample of less than 30 . The analysis is done based on categorical data. To test the Hypothesis which type of test is required? Why? (5M) Part – C (Compulsory) 8 (a).Design a questionnaire to the research problem â€Å"Corporate Adaptability of New employee â€Å" (10 M) (b). The unemployment problem in India is increasing. In this background it is required to sugge st the set of remedial measure to reduce the problem. Suggest a research Design for this problem. (10 M) Accounting For Management (12MBA14) Skill Based Questions (For Part-B- Q. No. 7- 5 Marks Each) 1) The gross Total Income of Mr. Raju who is an employee of a private company aged about 49 years is Rs. 295000 for the assessment year 2012-13, he want to reduce the tax liability. How do you assist him to reduce his tax liability? ) If you are a auditor of a company what key elements you look for to assess the accuracy of the financial records? 3) Which ratio, out of fixed assets turnover and net worth turnover, to your mind is more useful for analyising efficiency? Why? 4) Why do you think Liquidity ratio plays a key role in Banking Industry? Comment. 5) „Why capital is treated as a liability?. Justify. 6) A firm purchases 50 furniture worth Rs. 500000. A financial accountant of the firm has recorded only Rs. 500000 in journal & ledger, but not 50 no. s of furnitures. Interpret using suitable accounting concept. ) â€Å"Balance Sheet is a statement, but not an account†. Comment. 8) Bring out the role played by the matching principle in the determination of business performance and financial position. 9) Is accrual basis of accounting is superior to cash basis of accounting in meeting the economic decision making needs of the users of financial statements? Why or Why not? 10) â€Å"Financial statements are the only basis for measuring the performance of a company†. Comment. 12MBA14 Accounting Time: 3 hrs. for Management Model Question Paper Max. Marks: 100 Note: 1. Answer any THREE full questions from Part-A. 2.Part-B and Part-C are compulsory. Part-A 1. a. What is Contra entry? Give example. b. Write a short on role of Forensic Accountant (3 Marks) (7 Marks) c. Give accounting equation for the following transactions of Hitesh for the year 2009. Started business with cash Rs. 18,000. (10 Marks) i. Paid rent in advance Rs. 400. ii. Purchased g oods for cash Rs. 5000 and on credit Rs. 2,000. iii. Sold goods for cash Rs. 4,000 (costing Rs. 2,400). iv. Rent paid Rs. 1,000 and rent outstanding Rs. 200. v. Bought motor-cycle for personal use Rs. 500. vi. Purchased equipments for cash Rs. 500. vii. Paid to creditors Rs. 600. iii. Depreciation on equipment Rs. 25. ix. Business expenses Rs. 400. 2. a. What is MAOCARO? (3 Marks) b. Explain the need and benefit of Corporate Governance. (7 Marks) c. Record the following transaction in three column cash book. (10 Marks) 1/3/2008 opened a Bank account with capital Rs. 1, 00,000 & cash in hand Rs. 40,000. 3/3/2008 paid into Bank Rs. 10,000. 5/3/2008 Bought Goods for Rs. 3,800 and paid by cheque. 6/3/2008 Sold goods for cash Rs. 2,600 & deposited the same into the Bank. 7/3/2008 Sold goods to Mr. X an account Rs. 10,000. 10/3/2008 Paid Mr. A by cheque Rs. 240 receiving a discount of Rs. 10. 5/3/2008 Received a cheque from Mr. Vikas Rs. 1080 and allowed him Discount Rs. 20. 16/3/2008 Rec eived a cheque from Mr. Santhosh Rs. 4000. . 3. a. List out any six items deductible under Section 80C. (3 Marks) b. On 01st January, 2010, the following were the ledger balances of Gopal and Co. : Cash in hand Rs. 900/-; Cash at bank Rs. 21, 000/-; Soni (Cr) Rs 3, 000/-; Zahir (Dr) Rs. 2, 400/-; Stock Rs. 12, 000/-; Prasad (Cr) Rs. 6, 000/-; Sharma (Dr) Rs. 4, 500/-; Lall (Cr) Rs. 2, 700/-; Ascertain capital. Transactions during the month were; Journalize the above transactions. (7 Marks) 2010 Jan 2. Bought goods of Prasad – Rs. , 700/Jan 3. Sold to Sharma – Rs. 3, 000/Jan 5. Bought goods of Lall for cash, paid by cheque – Rs. 3, 600/- Jan 7. Withdraw cash for personal use – Rs. 200/Jan 13. Recived from Zahir in full settlement – Rs. 2, 350/Jan 17. Paid to Soni in full settlement – Rs. 2, 920/Jan 29. Paid to Prasad by cheque – Rs. 2, 650/- and Discount allowed by him – Rs. 50/- c. From the following information prepare Cash Fl ow Statement by Indirect Method. (10 Marks) COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET OF EXCELLENT LTD. , Liabilities & As at As at Assets As at As at capital 31. 03. 2008 31. 03. 2007 31. 03. 2008 31. 03. 2007 Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.Share Capital Reserve & Surplus Secured Loans Current Liabilities 50,00,000 15,00,000 35,00,000 50,00,000 40,00,000 Fixed Assets 31,00,000 30,00,000 Investments 1,50,000 5,00,000 Cash and Bank 40,00,000 Balances 2,00,000 1,25,000 60,00,000 Stocks, Stores, 75,00,000 78,75,000 WIP 40,00,000 35,00,000 Sundry Debtors 1,45,00,000 1,50,00,000 1,45,00,000 1,50,00,000 (i) The net profit for the year after adjustment in respect of provisions for dividends and taxation was Rs. 10,00,000 There was addition to Fixed Assets during the year amounting to Rs. 4,00,000 and Depreciation for the year was Rs. 3,00,000 4 a. What is Qualified Audit Report?State its contents (5 Marks) b. What is direct tax? State the Income tax rates for an individual for the Current A. Y. (5 Marks) c. The following Trial Balance has been prepared wrongly. You are asked to prepare the trial balance correctly. (10 Marks) Name of accounts Debit balance (Rs. ) ——4,000 Credit balance (Rs. ) 2,000 —— Cash in hand Purchases returns Wages Establishment expenses Sales returns Capital Carriage outward Discount received Commission earned Machinery Stock Debtors Creditors Sales Purchases Bank overdraft Manufacturing expenses Loan from Ashok Carriage inward Interest on investment Grand total ,000 12,000 —22,000 –1,200 800 ———8,000 ——28,000 14,000 —-14,000 ,1000 ———1,13,000 ——–8,000 —2,000 —–20,000 10,000 —-12,000 44,000 ——-14,000 ———1000 1,13,000 5. a. State the objectives of IFRS. b. Briefly explain the merit & demerits of Human Resource Accounting. (5 Marks) (5 Marks) c. â€Å"Without accounting concepts & convention s, objective, reliable, consistent and comparable accounts cannot be maintained†. Comment. (10 Marks) 6. a. What is window dressing? How financial statements are window dressed. (5 Marks) b. Mr. A has applied for the the position of Financial Analyst at E&Y Co.Ltd. The Head of Finance wants to assess the basic accounting skill sets of a candidate. The following information is provided in form of ratios to Mr. A to prepare the Balance Sheet given in the under mentioned proforma (15 Marks) Total Assets/ Net worth Sales/Fixed assets Sales/Current assets Sales/Inventory Sales/Debtors Current Ratio Annual Sales = Rs. 25, 00,000 = = = = = = 3. 5 6 8 15 18 2. 5 Balance Sheet Liabilities Net worth Long term Debt Current Liabilities Rs. ————Assets Fixed Assets Inventory Debtors Liquid Assets —-Rs. —————- Assume you to be Mr.A, how will you prepare the Balance Sheet with necessary working notes. Part-B 7. a. Being a p rospective Investor, Interpret the following from the view point of Liquidity. (5 Marks) Particulars Current Assets Bank A (Rs. ) 200000 Bank B (Rs. ) 800000 Fixed Assets Total Assets 800000 1000000 200000 1000000 Following are the income statements of Star Ltd. , Mumbai for the years 2010-2011. Trading & Profit & Loss Account 31. 03. 2011 Particulars 200000 By Sales 550000 By closing stock 80000 By Income from investment 64000 By dividend received 40000 60000 12000 7000 8000 14000 412500 1447500 1217000 1447500Particulars To Opening Stock To Purchases To Wages To salaries To rent & Taxes To Depreciation To selling expenses To discount allowed To loss on sale of Plant To interest paid To Net profit 31. 03. 2010 85000 500000 60000 42000 35000 40000 12000 5000 12000 426000 1217000 31. 03. 2010 31. 03. 2011 1000000 200000 1200000 225000 12000 5000 15000 7500 b. For the above problem analyse the Income Statement using â€Å"Horizontal analysis†. (5 Marks) c. For the above problem analyse the Income Statement using â€Å"Vertical analysis†. d. For the above problem comment on the profitability of the Company. . Part-C 8. (Case Study) (20 Marks) (5 Marks) (5 Marks)The following is the trial balance of Mr. X of Bombay as on 31st Dec. 2009. Prepare a trading and profit and loss account for the year ended 31st Dec. 2009 and the balance sheet as on that data after taking into consideration the following adjustments. Adjustments: i. Stock on 31st Dec. 2009 was Rs. 10,000. ii. Debts worth Rs. 2000 should be written off as bad. iii. Depreciate machinery by 5% and motor vans by 15%. iv. Provision for bad & doubtful debts should be increased by Rs. 600. v. Commission accrued & not received Rs. 500. vi. Goods worth Rs. 500 were used by the proprietor for his personal use. ii. On 20th Dec. 2009, a fire broke out in the shop & goods worth Rs. 2000 were completely destroyed. The insurance company accepted the claim for Rs. 1500 only & paid the amount on 1st Jan 201 0. Trial Balance as on 31st Dec. 2009 Particulars Mr. X Capital Mr. X Drawings Stock on 1st Jan 2009 Purchase & Sales Returns Discounts Commission received Income Tax paid Office Salaries Office Rent Advertising Sundry Debtors & Creditors Provision for doubtful debts Manufacturing Wages Bills Receivable & Payable Carriage Machinery Motor Vans Land & Buildings Office Expenses Cash at Bank Cash in hand TOTALDr 7500 12000 86000 2000 500 700 17300 2000 1700 85000 8600 5000 600 40000 7000 10000 1500 6000 2300 295700 Cr 85000 170000 1000 700 1000 30000 3000 5000 295700 Information Technology for Managers Sub Code: 12MBA15 Question Bank (Skill Based questions) A) The regional director of a marketing company wants to have an emergency meeting with all his sales team members and to show them a new protocol developed by the competitor. But all are at far-away places on sales assignments. Suggest how a suitable technology based method helps him.B) Marketing Managers of a manufacturing firm are planning to increase the sales this year at any cost and they are supposed to prepare a proposal to show the management saying, what-if they increase the advertisement budget this year by 10%, 20% and 30% over the last year’s budget. Suggest a suitable Information system which helps them in their What-if analysis and comment. C) Japan is planning host a football tournament, surprisingly for ROBOTS to showcase their technological supremacy. What branch of computer science will help them in designing the ROBOTS to play the game?Comment. D) A logistics company want to provide up-to date information to their client about their shipment regarding their place or location, movement, and time of arrival at the destination, at any point of time the clients want to know about, in order to have a satisfied customer base. Suggest what technology they should adopt to continuously track the shipments and how can they achieve their goal. Model Papers Information Technology for Managers Sub Code: 12MBA15 Time: 3 Hours Note: 1. Answer any 3 questions from Part-A 2. Part -B and Part-C Questions are Compulsory Max.Marks: 100 3. Draw Diagrams wherever necessary to enhance your presentation PART-A Q. No. 1 a) Differentiate Data and Information b) State the different Components of Information system. (03 Marks) (07 Marks) c) Explain the importance of Information systems from End user, Enterprise and Global perspectives. (10 Marks) Q. No. 2 a) List types Information system serving the needs of end users at various Organizational levels (03 Marks) b) State the advantages of Office Automation system (07 Marks) c) With a neat block diagram explain the functioning of Transaction Processing System. 10 Marks) Q. No. 3 a) What is Prototyping? b) Briefly explain the phases in System Development Life Cycle. (03 Marks) (07 Marks) c) Discuss the Application of Internet/Intranet/extranet technology in efficient & effective business communication. (10 Marks) Q. No. 4 a) What is Enterpris e Resource Planning? Give one example. (05 Marks) b) Discuss the role of CRM in maintaining a satisfied and loyal customer base for today’s business firms. (05 Marks) c) Give an innovative, conceptual design for online conduction of examination, evaluation and result announcement in your own institute. 10 Marks) Q. No. 5 a) Define e-business, e-commerce, with suitable examples. (05 Marks) b) Explain the different types of e-business models classified based on producer/supplier-customer /client relationship. (05 Marks) c) Explain in detail the nine essential categories of e-commerce processes with a neat block diagram (10 Marks) Q. No. 6 a) IT enabled services improve the effectiveness and efficiency of businesses in comparison with non-IT enabled ones. Discuss with suitable examples. (05 Marks) b) Discuss the social and ethical dimensions of IT in Business activities. (05 Marks) ) Explain the important security measures that are part of the security management of information system. (10 Marks) PART-B Q. No. 7 a) Design a Hospital Management system, with relevant contents as much as possible (05 Marks) b) Assume that you own a mobile retail sales business and decide to have online web-store for the same. List and explain the contents of your web pages for carrying out the business efficiently. (05 Marks) c) Explain IT involvement in BPOs. Do you feel â€Å"there is no BPO without IT†? Justify your views. (05 Marks) d) Too much dependency on IT may pose a threat to national business interests and security.Give your views. (05 Marks) PART-C Q. No. 8 CASE STUDY (Compulsory) Marks) (20 12MBA16 Managerial Communication Model skill based questions 1. You are a fresher and you have been interviewed for the job of a management trainee at Britannia industries Ltd. the following questions are asked by the interviewer: give your response to each one of them. i. What do you consider your greatest attributes? ii. Name a few weaknesses in you. iii. What are you r long term goals and how do you think you can achieve them in this organization? iv. What experience do you have in problem solving? . Justify your candidature for this job. 2. A fellow student says, â€Å"So I? m not a good writer. But I? m a management major. I? ll have secretaries to handle my writing for me. † Give this student your best advice, including the reasoning behind it 3. Explain your prediction. Will hard-copy letters diminish in importance as email remains a standard form of business communication? Become obsolete? Vanish? 4. Discuss the reasons for social networking? s phenomenal growth. Is this growth likely to continue? 5. Some authorities say that concerns about correctness inhibit a person? email communication. Does this stand have merit? Discuss. 6. Some authorities say that shortcuts in text messaging will lead to users? inability to spell properly in more formal contexts. Do you agree? Why or why not? 7. How would you write a message to a close friend who works for you but: a) Needs to be disciplined b) Is to be congratulated c) Is to be relocated to an equally attractive location within the same city? 8. . Criticize and re-draft the following thank-you message from a college student to a professor who has sent her a job lead. Subject: Thanks Dear Prof.Smith, Thanks for the hot tip on the job! I? m interviewing there tomorrow! Sarah Model Question Paper 12MBA16 Managerial Communication PART-A Answer any 3 full questions 1. a) b) c) Distinguish between Hearing and Listening. What is Grapevine and why is it important? Explain elaborately the Crisis Communication process. 3m 7m 10m 2. a) What do Empathy and Reflection mean? 3m b) What are the Barriers to Communication? Give a brief on any seven of them. 7m c) Explain briefly the concepts Chronemics , Proxemics ,Oculesics ,Haptics and Kinesics 10 m 3. ) b) What is a Dangling Modifier? Give an example. What are the principles of effective writing 3m 7m 10m c) . Discuss the 3*3 writin g process. 4. a) b) c) What is a Business Letter? Explain the formats for writing a business letter. Define Memo and briefly explain its types. 5m 5m Motilal & Co. , a leading garment manufacturing and exporting firm has received a letter of complaint from one of its U. K. clients stating that none of the materials client is in the most important and profitable list of customers for Motilal & Co. 10 m 4. a) Draft a letter to the U. K. lient, pacifying them and assuring the best of services in the future. b) Also prepare an internal communication to the Manager of the concerned department asking for an immediate explanation. 10m 10 m 5. a) Briefly discuss the Styles of Negotiation. 5m b) c) Discuss the various visual aids used to enhance the quality of a presentation. Explain the electronic writing process 5m 10m 6. a) What are the five important aspects that should be considered for a media interview? 5m b) Prepare a press release of your college to gain publication on the just conc luded national level management fest. m c) Apply for the position of Management trainee at ITC Ltd considering you are a fresher. 10m PART – B Compulsory 7. You have been asked to deliver an extempore speech on „How to improve the functioning of your company?. Quickly jot down some points for the speech. a) b) Prepare an advertisement of a new mobile hand-set. Write a creative copy As the GM, you are going to address the Annual General Body Meeting of your garment manufacturing company. Draft your speech. c) Point out the shortcomings in this message granting a claim for a fax machine received in damage condition.Inspection of the package revealed that the damage did not occur in transit. Dear Ms. Orsag: Your May3 letter in which you claim that the RigoFAX391 was received in damaged condition has been carefully considered. We inspect all our machines carefully before packing them, and we pack them carefully in strong boxes with Styrofoam supports that hold them snugly. Thus we cannot understand how the damage could have occurred. Even so, we stand behind our product and will replace any that are damaged. However we must ask that first you send us the defective one so we can inspect it.After your claim of damage has been verified, we will send you a new one. We regret any inconvenience this situation may have caused you and assure you that problems like this rarely occur in our shipping department. Scott Hilderbran PART- C 8. (Case Study) compulsory Barry and Communication Barriers – Effective Communication as a Motivator One common complaint employee? s voice about supervisors is inconsistent messages – meaning one supervisor tells them one thing and another tells them something different. Imagine you are the supervisor/manager for each of the employees described below.As you read their case, give consideration to how you might help communicate with the employee to remedy the conflict. Barry is a 27-year old who is a foodservice mana ger at a casual dining restaurant. Barry is responsible for supervising and managing all employees in the back of the house. Employees working in the back of the house range in age from 16 years old to 55 years old. In addition, the employees come from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. For many, English is not their primary language. Barry is ServSafe ® certified and tries his best to keep up with food safety issues in the kitchen but he admits it? not easy. Employees receive â€Å"on the job training† about food safety basics (for example, appropriate hygiene and hand washing, time/temperature, and cleaning and sanitizing). But with high turnover of employees, training is often rushed and some new employees are put right into the job without training if it is a busy day. Eventually, most employees get some kind of food safety training. The owners of the restaurant are supportive of Barry in his food safety efforts because they know if a food safety outbreak were eve r linked to their restaurant; it would likely put them out of business.Still, the owners note there are additional costs for training and making sure food is handled safely. One day Barry comes to work and is rather upset even before he steps into the restaurant. Things haven? t been going well at home and he was lucky to rummage through some of the dirty laundry and find a relatively clean outfit to wear for work. He admits he needs a haircut and a good hand scrubbing, especially after working on his car last evening. When he walks into the kitchen he notices several trays of uncooked meat sitting out in the kitchen area.It appears these have been sitting at room temperature for quite some time. Barry is frustrated and doesn? t know what to do. He feels like he is beating his head against a brick wall when it comes to getting employees to practice food safety. Barry has taken many efforts to get employees to be safe in how they handle food. He has huge signs posted all over the kit chen with these words: KEEP HOT FOOD HOT AND COLD FOOD COLD and WASH YOUR HANDS ALWAYS AND OFTEN. All employees are given a thermometer when they start so that they can temp food.Hand sinks, soap, and paper towels are available for employees so that they are encouraged to wash their hands frequently. Questions: 1. What are the communication challenges and barriers Barry faces? 2. What solutions might Barry consider in addressing each of these challenges and barriers? 3. What Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) would be helpful for Barry to implement and enforce? 4. What are some ways Barry might use effective communication as a motivator for employees to follow safe food handling practices?

Albert Einstein Speech

Albert Einstein the Menace of Mass Destruction Speech On November 11th 1947 the renowned scientist, Albert Einstein, presented his case against nuclear warfare and the real dangers that come with it. He was able to grab his audience’s attention by great use of literary devices and rhetoric techniques. The argument delivered in this speech proved to be effective because till this day a nuclear bomb has yet to be dropped. Albert Einstein was one of the scientists assigned to the Manhattan projected during the 2nd world war. The project was a success as the United States effectively dropped the only two nuclear bombs ever in history.The decision was made because the Japanese refused to surrender with defeat looking them in the eyes. In order to end the war quickly and save many American soldiers’ lives the bombs were dropped on two Japanese cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, causing devastating damage to each. After seeing the results of his creation, Einstein made it his mis sion to deliver a speech to the General Assembly and Security Council of the United Nations in hope for a peaceful future for all of mankind. Albert Einstein uses the rhetoric device logos to make his argument much more effective to his audience.For example â€Å" General fear and anxiety creates hatred and aggressiveness. † Using diction he is able to better describe an often seen human reaction. The words â€Å" anxiety† and â€Å"aggressiveness† are used effectively and really allows the audience to see and make the connection of the logic used in the argument presented. Also the use of foreshadowing can be seen as he uses this quote to setup for the important, bigger picture later in the speech. Einstein’s use of logos through diction provides an excellent use of rhetoric. Later in the speech Einstein has another outstanding use logos with the help of syntax.He states â€Å" The adaptation to warlike aims and activities has corrupted the mentality of man; as a result, intelligence, objective and humane thinking has hardly any effect and is even suspected and persecuted as unpatriotic. † Einstein does a perfect job of ordering the sentence for cause and effect. In doing this he presents a problem with humanity and he then directly delivers the negative results that follow. In using the cause and effect approach he amplifies the logic used in the sentences. Overall this grabs the audience’s attention and allows them to better understand the argument and connect to it.Einstein wraps up his speech effectively using the rhetoric device ethos. He does this to help prove his over all argument and to support his logical statements. He begins saying â€Å" We scientist believe that what we and our fellow men do or fail to do within the next few years will determine the fate of our civilization. † The audience will take note and appeal to his authority because he is one of the most intelligent men that have ever lived . Also by using foreshadowing when he says, â€Å"within the next few years will determine the fate of our civilization† he is able to make the audience entice to his argument with the help of ethos.As one can see with the help of the rhetoric devices used along side with the literary terms Albert Einstein was able to deliver a powerful speech about mankind’s nature and how it must change in order for life, as we know it to survive. Throughout the speech he continues to use logos and pathos to help persuade his audience to agree with his argument. One can see the effectiveness of this speech because there has yet to be another nuclear bomb dropped since that day in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Albert Einstein Speech Albert Einstein the Menace of Mass Destruction Speech On November 11th 1947 the renowned scientist, Albert Einstein, presented his case against nuclear warfare and the real dangers that come with it. He was able to grab his audience’s attention by great use of literary devices and rhetoric techniques. The argument delivered in this speech proved to be effective because till this day a nuclear bomb has yet to be dropped. Albert Einstein was one of the scientists assigned to the Manhattan projected during the 2nd world war. The project was a success as the United States effectively dropped the only two nuclear bombs ever in history.The decision was made because the Japanese refused to surrender with defeat looking them in the eyes. In order to end the war quickly and save many American soldiers’ lives the bombs were dropped on two Japanese cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, causing devastating damage to each. After seeing the results of his creation, Einstein made it his mis sion to deliver a speech to the General Assembly and Security Council of the United Nations in hope for a peaceful future for all of mankind. Albert Einstein uses the rhetoric device logos to make his argument much more effective to his audience.For example â€Å" General fear and anxiety creates hatred and aggressiveness. † Using diction he is able to better describe an often seen human reaction. The words â€Å" anxiety† and â€Å"aggressiveness† are used effectively and really allows the audience to see and make the connection of the logic used in the argument presented. Also the use of foreshadowing can be seen as he uses this quote to setup for the important, bigger picture later in the speech. Einstein’s use of logos through diction provides an excellent use of rhetoric. Later in the speech Einstein has another outstanding use logos with the help of syntax.He states â€Å" The adaptation to warlike aims and activities has corrupted the mentality of man; as a result, intelligence, objective and humane thinking has hardly any effect and is even suspected and persecuted as unpatriotic. † Einstein does a perfect job of ordering the sentence for cause and effect. In doing this he presents a problem with humanity and he then directly delivers the negative results that follow. In using the cause and effect approach he amplifies the logic used in the sentences. Overall this grabs the audience’s attention and allows them to better understand the argument and connect to it.Einstein wraps up his speech effectively using the rhetoric device ethos. He does this to help prove his over all argument and to support his logical statements. He begins saying â€Å" We scientist believe that what we and our fellow men do or fail to do within the next few years will determine the fate of our civilization. † The audience will take note and appeal to his authority because he is one of the most intelligent men that have ever lived . Also by using foreshadowing when he says, â€Å"within the next few years will determine the fate of our civilization† he is able to make the audience entice to his argument with the help of ethos.As one can see with the help of the rhetoric devices used along side with the literary terms Albert Einstein was able to deliver a powerful speech about mankind’s nature and how it must change in order for life, as we know it to survive. Throughout the speech he continues to use logos and pathos to help persuade his audience to agree with his argument. One can see the effectiveness of this speech because there has yet to be another nuclear bomb dropped since that day in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Employee Training and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employee Training and Development - Essay Example Secondly, role-playing orients trainees to the behavioral, situational, and operational expectations that apply in the workplace. In essence, such exercises enable the employee to build courage and confidence appropriate for the job. Most importantly, role-playing during training serves as a motivational practice for the employees under training. This gives them an upper hand to the understanding of the essence of the training and subsequent job execution. On the downside, role-playing in the training process has its disadvantages. This practice could intimidate trainees in one way or another. If the employee or trainee fails to achieve the expected outcome of the exercise, their perception about the training and subsequent outcomes of the training could be in jeopardy (Saks, Haccoun, & Belcourt, 2010). Additionally, these exercises could challenge the self-esteem of the trainee, thereby negating the prospects of the entire process. Therefore, it is important for the trainer to understand the employees and their personalities during

Can Sears Holdings Latest Strategy Allow the Corporation to Become a Essay

Can Sears Holdings Latest Strategy Allow the Corporation to Become a Competitor in Retail Once Again - Essay Example Can Sears Holdings Latest Strategy Allow the Corporation to Become a Competitor in Retail Once Again? This plan was woefully inadequate and profit has decreased the preceding 19 quarters consecutively. Capital and store updates are the only possible solution that analysts’ feel could make a difference in the demise of both chains. Sears is now competing with mega giant discount chain Wal-Mart, stylish and up to date Target and electronic giant Best Buy. Though Sears was once the catalog choice of America it has failed in building solid ground in the online retail market where others have had success (Munarriz). The ANSOFF matrix is used to generate strategic directions using product market options, possible growth opportunities are noted and explored and presented to reveal four distinct strategies2. ANSOFF focuses on using marketing strategy to achieve growth though it does not provide solutions or suggestion of how this strategy should be implemented, which requires further analysis. Sears Holdings has recently acquired a new chief merchandising officer, Ron Boire, who has previously been responsible for the success of Brookstone while also being utilized at Best Buy and Toy R Us. With Sears being such a household name for so many years it is possible that with diversification and new market development along with the maintaining of current customers through the use of reward programs and targeted marketing that Sears Holdings can compete with the larger chain retail stores.

Simulation Perceptual Maps in Marketing Research Paper

Simulation Perceptual Maps in Marketing - Research Paper Example Thorr Motors for example has used these maps to design a marketing plan for their high brand. Scholar Clemente defines these maps as processes through which the perception of consumers on an existing commodity are charted. I will attempt to discuss the three simulation phases, and recommended solutions and results. Phase I: this involves perceptual mapping. The situation here is decrease in sales due to brand image. This is so because the Cruiser Thorr’s target consumers were aging and their tastes had begun to outgrow the lifestyle that Cruiser Thorr symbolizes. In addition to this issue, youthful customers had more interest in lower priced motorcycles due to their lower personal disposable incomes. Maps that were perceptual were used to position Cruiser Thorr’s position in the market in terms of consumer perceptions. The parameters for mapping included price, services offered, lifestyle image and quality engineering. Since the Cruiser Thorr’s image was being ou tgrown by the target audience which was aging, lifestyle image was chosen. The mapping of the image was useful in maintaining a level of image that it satisfies both younger and older customers. Lifestyle image was important to Thorr as it had the potential to influence a customer’s decision to buy a Cruiser Thorr because of its representation. Since perceptual maps are visual representation of a customer's opinion of a brand and the Lifestyle Image of Cruiser Thorr is that of masculinity and mobility, Thorr Motorcycles should make changes regarding the consumer image in the wake of decreasing sales, so as to be able to bring back the profits the Cruiser Thorr had before. Marketing is not only about selling and advertising, it also affects products and the consumers in the economic system and organizations must understand how this happens. Simulation helps perfectly in this in that it helps construct and use perceptual maps so as to create effective marketing plans like for T horr’s motorcycle brand. Phase II: phase two of simulation is about the product, either introducing a new product into the market or repositioning the existing one. The situation involves decrease in sales of Cruiser Thor and the need to come up with a market plan able to reposition Cruiser Thorr to effectively and efficiently launch a new product of a motorcycle. The top judgment for the association was aimed at repositioning Cruiser Thorr through financing solutions and boosting services. By providing financing alternatives and rising services Thorr Motorcycles Inc can open doors for possible consumers who may have had the feeling that the Cruiser Thorr was further than their reach especially younger viewers who may already have shown great interest and passion in the Cruiser Thorr. Recommended Solutions: The solutions here are in the area of reforming engineering in terms of quality, pricing, and services. Quality engineering touches on every aspect or quality of the commo dity or product, including style, design, engine capacity and more importantly, the design of the engine. Quality engineering has a high market impact of the product and could increase sales by meeting the customers’ needs in terms of quality, thus increasing the organization’s level of credibility of its products. Pricing is also very important to customers as it influences decisions to make a purchase for an item or not. Having a high price is okay as long as the quality and credibility

Reflective Report On Glo-Bus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflective Report On Glo-Bus - Essay Example The paper tells that the Glo-Bus business simulation exercise is a case of experiential learning. This is an important aspect of the learning process, which has positive outcomes on the learners. I consider the whole exercise educative, informative, and a fun way of learning. According to Kolb et al., experiential learning should be included in the learning process, as this boosts the quality of learning, as well as the learning outcomes. They divided experiential learning into four stages, including concrete experience, observation and reflection, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. Therefore, reflection after experimentation counts, according to these authors. Therefore, the reflective approach argued by Kolb et al., helps me, as a learner to evaluate the impact of my experiential learning on my ideologies and on the learning objectives of the specific course. This was my first experience with an online business simulation exercise. Therefore, I ventured into thi s exercise with a lot of expectations and enthusiasm, that I would learn more business management concepts, and add on to my existing theoretical knowledge of the business processes and concepts. Additionally, this, I thought would give me a feel of what being a manager, or what being part of a management team in a high-ranking company entails and feels like. This is because, in our company, I was a co-manager, therefore, had the responsibilities of what a co-manager does in real life management cases. According to Butzen and Lee (2003), corporate leadership requires high level of discipline and integrity, especially where finances are concerned. Nonetheless, this is what this simulation experience also presented me with. The learning experience in this business simulation exercise revolved around, but not limited to the basic mechanics of operating a company. Christodoulou and Zorica

Doing business globally and internationally (ARR) Essay

Doing business globally and internationally (ARR) - Essay Example .. 14 Appendices †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦... 16 Part A 1. With reference to the academic literature and using your analysis of relevant environmental factors, speculate how and why BP identified AAR as a potential ‘partner’. In which areas are the expected benefits and synergies for both companies involved? BP and ARR met in March 2003 to establish a joint venture having the equal proportion i.e. 50-50% in the oil and gas sector of Russia (Sylvia, 2011). TNK and Sidanco were the target companies of this joint venture. BP i.e. British Petroleum is one of the most renowned oil and gas exploration based companies which is running many sub divisions under various different forms across the globe. The other party to the joint venture is ARR which is a consortium developed by some richest investor groups of Russia namely as Alfa Group, Acce ss Industries and Renova. This joint venture was quite important for both BP and AAR as both these firms had their own unique expertise due to which they could exploit the synergy effect if they could work together as a combined entity. There were numerous environmental factors associated with both the companies due to which both of these companies became indispensible for each other. Following are some of the factors due to which BP identified AAR as its partner under this joint venture: 1. ... In such case, BP preferred AAR, a private consortium but with billions of dollars in their pockets to safeguard the interest of TNK-BP. 2. Local knowledge and working relations with government Another important reason for the selection of ARR by BP is local knowledge, expertise, industry practices, and cultural awareness of ARR being a rich investor group of Russia, which could help TNK-BP easier than BP. In order to meet any confrontation with the Russian government, AAR can manage this situation in a better and efficient manner than that of BP because of maintaining appropriate level of working relations with their government, local community and other environmental stakeholders. Expected Benefits and Synergies TNK-BP is such a joint venture that could not only provide major benefits and synergies to both BP and AAR but also to Russian government. Being a multi-national company, BP has the ultimate expertise, knowledge and business skills in the massive field of oil and gas explora tion, refining, marketing, and retail business. The exposure, that BP carries with itself is unmatchable and allow other participants to use such expertise for their benefits. With the entry of BP into Russian oil and gas sector, Russia itself got an enormous opportunity to upgrade and develop its energy sector (Yenikeyeff, 2011). However, due to mismanagement and lack of government’s interest, BP could not avail those facilities, which it was realizing at initial projections. The joint venture TNK-BP benefitted from the synergy effect of the combination of BP and ARR. BP is world market leader in the field of oil and gas whereas AAR is consortium of the richest investors of Russia. The

The female form superimposed onto a natural landscape can be seen as a Essay

The female form superimposed onto a natural landscape can be seen as a naturally beautiful,without connotations of sexism or sexual agenda - Essay Example As infants we all unconditionally love our mothers, we are tended by her hands, suckle on her bosom and kissed by her. The comeliness of women- her curves and shape are features that are characteristic of Nature as well. Across eastern cultures, the features of a woman have been compared to instances of Nature. In fact, Nature in itself is considered feminine because of being beautiful and hence, we can see that beauty and woman are synonymous to each other. To portray the real divine beauty of women, it was considered essential by artists to depict them raw and unclad i.e. naked. It is a movement since ancient times which is rampant even till this date. A classic example of a nude painting is Picasso’s Demoiselles d’Avignon.1 In Picasso’s favorite cubist form, the painting shows a group of nude women where the shapes of the women are taken from multiple perspectives all conjoined together at once, providing a menagerie of angles to look from and admire the beauty of a woman. Through my paintings I have tried to bring both the beautiful creations together i.e. Woman and Nature. The portrayal of the nude female form in a natural landscape is beautiful many times over. In a world such as we live in today, sadly, nudity and sexuality have attained similar connotations. Deluged by ad-campaigns, movie clichà ©s and other forms of media, we believe that nudity is important for sex appeal. What shocks me is that women itself are blinkered and misled, tending to believe that nudity is a prerequisite for being attractive. Through my paintings, I have tried to depict the original concept of beauty which has permeated the world since ancient times and has inspired mankind to arts and culture. Like any other person, I am intrigued by both Women and Nature and through my paintings I have tried to elucidate myself and others of the real essence of pulchritudinous and have violated the current concept of the sexual imagery of a naked woman.

Microeconomics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microeconomics - Assignment Example As the supply decreases, demand is relatively constant leading to shortages in the market since demand exceeds supply. As a result, prices are hiked to maintain the equilibrium price and quantity. Thus, due to increased prices, the demand curve shifts to the left from D0 to D1 representing a decrease in the demand for beef. The supply of chicken is expected to increase that will make the supply curve to shift downwards representing an increase in supply. The demand is relatively constant but supply has increased establishing new equilibrium while reducing the price from P0 to P1. The reduced prices makes the demand curve to shift upwards from D0 to D1, representing an increase in demand for chicken. a) Ticket scalping is the resale of ticket prices in the secondary market. They are usually observed in entertainment and sporting events. The box office usually sets low prices for tickets hence creating excess demand in the market that cannot clear out (Rios, McConnell, & Brue, 2013). Thus, unlicensed and licensed members will buy more tickets at low prices and resell at relatively high prices to consumers so that the market can clear out. The original demand is the marginal revenue curve and represents the actual market clearing point. But scalpers intend to make profits and will purchase quantity Q2-Q1 at relatively low prices of P1. They will then resell the same quantity that is equivalent to average value corresponding to price P2. Thus, they will make more profit due to high prices. Therefore, instead of scalpers selling the tickets at equilibrium prices of P1, they sell at P2. This price is high for the consumers and will have to spend more if they are to acquire the ticket leading to welfare loss to the consumers. On the other hand, producer welfare is maximized since the tickets are sold at high prices than expected market prices leading to welfare gain to the producers. c) The tickets

The production at McDonalds Essay Example for Free

The production at McDonalds Essay I am writing to apply for the position of manager of my local branch of McDonalds in East Croydon. The following report highlights how I would improve the productivity at the McDonalds in East Croydon. In my opinion, I believe that there are three main ways that the production at McDonalds can be improved. Improving production will increase the amount of products made and, more importantly, increase the profit. We could also get our stock at a lower cost as well. The first method I would suggest to improve productivity would be introducing a Total Quality Management system. This method will cut costs by removing errors in the company controlling quality throughout. For example, if a worker were not producing the burgers to a specific level, the management would iron this error out and make him/her increase the quality. More profit will come in as the customers will feel cared for and the products will be better quality. There will be an overall increase in efficiency as well as every aspect in the business having improved quality. A disadvantage of this method is that we will have to spend more money for training and development. Also, TQM only works if there is co-operation and commitment throughout. If we had a rebellious worker then the system would fail. It is also hard to test the quality of the taste; you cannot have a bite out of every burger. Another method for improving productivity would be specialisation. This would mean that till workers would become specialised in manning the till, making the drinks and fetching to food. The Chefs would also make better quality food as they would also be specialised. These skills can also be developed throughout through constant use. This would also mean the till people would not have to fetch chips, as they would already be there for them. Profits would increase as customers would feel respected and the quality increased. The food would also be delivered faster, seeing as everyone knows exactly what to do. Unfortunately, specialisation increases dependency and it will also increase costs for the training. Workers may fell disheartened, as they can only do a narrow range of jobs. Quality circles are the final suggestion I would make for improving productivity. The workers will meet up with the managers to discuss aspects of the business. It brings new ideas into the business so ideas on how the chips could be made more efficiently are shared. It also improves the communication. This will mean the food will be delivered quicker when orders are taking place, the till person and chef will talk better so everything will be done to perfection. The managers will also have a better view on what the views are of the floor staff, therefore they get a better view on what needs changing. On the other hand the company will have to fork out for extra training for the team leaders. Valuable time will be taken up for discussions, and if it is everyones free time then there is a chance people will not participate fully. Disagreement on certain ideas may lead to argument. If it is against peoples views they may try to deliberately make it not work, causing poor productivity. In conclusion, I think the best two improvement methods are TQM and specialisation. However I think specialisation is the one which will increase the productivity the most. Specialisation will increase the quality of the products, the speed of delivery and the workers will also feel important. They will feel like specialists so they will perform to the best of their ability. Customers will feel important; theyll feel respected and pleased by the top quality of the service. The few problems with these methods can also be sorted out. We could teach the workers any skills they desire; this way theyll be good in a wide range of tasks. This training will be done on site, so it will not cost us. Dependency can also be ironed out. Specialisation will encourage our workers to work as a team, and if someone isnt performing for the team then you can help them. Everything will be fine.

Radiographic Modalities in Detecting Suspected Child Abuse

Radiographic Modalities in Detecting Suspected Child Abuse The actions individuals take against a child in order to inflict emotional or physical harm are, unfortunately, limited only by the imagination. Child abuse has been formally defined as the shaking, punching, battering, hitting, poisoning, scalding or burning, suffocating or drowning a child and/or otherwise participating in actions that lead to the child’s physical harm (Safeguarding Children 2006). As of the last several years, the definition of child abuse has also integrated the failure to prevent harm to a child (Safeguarding Children 2006). In 1946 paediatric radiologist John Caffey first utilised radiographic images in the diagnosis of child abuse when fractures of the long bones were accompanied by subdural hematomas (Longman, Baker Boos 2003). In 1962 Kempe et al. (as cited by Longman, Baker Boos 2003) offered the term battered child syndrome to describe injuries seen in children consistent with patterns of abuse, with skeletal anomalies the most common injuries seen in this syndrome. For example, bone fractures are seen in upwards of 55% of abuse cases (Longman, Baker Boos 2003). As current research indicates (Freeman 2005; Zimmerman Bilaniuk 1994), the radiographer is often the first healthcare provider that child sees who is in a position to suspect or determine the presence of a non-accident injury (NAI). Davis (2005) points out the radiographer sees the child undressed and is in a position to notice strap marks and other bruising indicative of child abuse while seeking to identify other areas of trauma throu gh the radiographic examination; thus noticing unusual bruising or other inappropriate bodily marks on the patient can help establish a pattern of abuse in conjunction with the radiologic findings of trauma. While Silverman (1987) states that radiography can be used to determine both nature of injury producing force as well as time of injury caution is also advocated as other issues that radiography classically is used to identify can be confused with child abuse, such as the radiologic evidence of scurvy, osteogenesus imperfect, self-sustained injury and infantile cortical hyperostosis. Child abuse statistics Longerman, Baker and Boos (2003) relate staggering statistics for child abuse. In the US alone during 2000, 1,200 children were fatally injured in episodes of child abuse, For example one to two children are fatally abused by a parent or other caregiver on a weekly basis (Safeguarding Children 2006). Norris (2001) states that upwards of 27% of cases presented as unintentional injuries were actually due to incidents of child abuse. Child abuse related fatalities among children less than 1 year of age constitute 41 44% of reported cases of abuse or neglect (Offiah 2003’ Longerman, Baker Boos 2003). Radiographer responsibilities by law The law is quite explicit regarding the role of the radiographer in cases of suspected child abuse. For example, the Children’s Act of 1989, Section 27 explicitly requires each healthcare provider to perform any and all examinations requested by other healthcare professionals or legal authorities when cases present with suspected child mistreatment or abuse (Aspinell 2006; Freeman 2005). As an adjunct to the 1989 Act, with specific regard to healthcare professionals, The Children Act of 2004 mandates an added responsibility beyond individual practice guidelines when working with an abused child or suspecting mistreatment, and requires that healthcare practitioners work together to share information as appropriate and cooperate in such a way as to offer the best treatment for the child (Aspinell 2006; Davis 2006). Additional guidelines on the radiographer’s role in cases of suspected child abuse are readily available (Freeman 2005). However, whether law or not, ultimately, the radiographer has legal, professional and personal responsibilities in detecting cases of suspected child abuse and has many imaging modality options. Stover (1986) tells us specifically that radiographic examinations can help the identification of the injury, mechanism of trauma such as shaking, twisting, traction of a limb or direct blow. Additionally and more importantly, the radiographic examination can identify prior injury and determine evidence of healing processes; all of which are paramount in situations of suspected child abuse, mistreatment or endangerment (Stover 1986). Therefore, this essay will review the range of radiographic imaging modality options available when child abuse is suspected. It is considered beyond the scope of this essay to discuss the legal roles and responsibilities of the radiographer in cases of suspected child abuse and as such, information relating to this will be explicitly excluded beyond those acts and guidelines highlighted above. Similarly, it is considered beyond the scope to discuss radiographic diagnostics in relation to imaging technologies. The remainder of this essay will focus strictly on imaging modalities. Standard radiographic x-ray Kirks (1983) believes that standard radiographic x-ray (SXR) imaging is appropriate for injuries associated with skeletal fractures, pneumoperitoneum, gastric dilatation or injury to the pulmonary parenchyml, which are common in cases of child abuse. Researchers tell us that skeletal examinations are particularly relevant in cases were non-accidental injury (NAI) is suspected (Gutanunga, Evans Harrison 2007, Johnson 2007; Summerfield et al. 2007; Offiah 2003) and is the strongest radiologic based indicators that child abuse or mistreatment has taken place (Diagnostic imaging 1991). In particular, Alexander and Kleinman (1996) believe that in children less than 2 years of age presenting with injuries consistent with child abuse the skeletal survey is critical. Parks (2002 as cited by Imaging suspected NAI 2002) tells us that although the most appropriate in cases of suspected NAI, the skeletal survey is one of â€Å"the most difficult examinations to perform† given general reluctance of the small child to submit to the examination, the emotionally charged scenario surrounding the skeletal survey request and the frequent urgency required. The skeletal survey typically consists of the following images: AP/PA chest, oblique v iew of the ribs, lateral skull survey in an older child, AP pelvis/femora, AP tibia/fibula, AP humeria, AP forearms, DP/AP hands, Half axial/Townes skull projection, AP 20 degrees skull projection and lateral skill projection in younger children, lateral spine and DP of the feet (Parks 2002 as cited by Imaging suspected NAI 2002). In order to minimise radiation exposure to the developing tissues of young children, special paediatric imaging systems have been modernised to use special cassettes, films and intensification screens (Diagnostic imaging 1991). In children older than five years of age, Alexander and Kleinman (1996) tell us the skeletal survey is virtually of no use when screening for injuries, but clinical indicators should dictate whether or not such a radiographic examination is performed. A newer radiographic adjunct to skeletal surveys is the bone scintigraphy, also referred to as radionucleotide scintigraphy (Conway et al. 1993; Howard, Barron Smith 1990), advocated by current research as a complementary procedure to the skeletal survey rather than a replacement when NAI and child abuse are suspected (Mandelstam et al., 2003). Mandelstam et al. (2003) documented the ability to detect bony anomalies that evade traditional radiographic skeletal images. For example, 20% of those studied by Mandelstam et al. (2003) reported normal skeletal surveys; however injuries were evident upon bone scintigraphy. This example evidences the increased sensitivity of the bone scintigraphy noted by Conway et al. (1993), creating an advantage in assessing soft tissue injuries in addition to trauma to bone structures. Apgar (1997) stresses SXRs can be of paramount importance for assessing potential child abuse or mistreatment through the imaging of hands and feet to assess for fractures . In particular, Apgar (1997) tells us that bone scans and skeletal surveys that focus on an oblique view of the hand or foot combine to document fractures in the hands and feet through evidencing healing at multiple stages as well as identifying fractures from bending or twisting a limb or digit rather than inflicting a direct blow. Alexander and Kleinman (1996) believe the skeletal survey should not be used as a primary diagnostic modality, but should be used in conjunction with SXRs. Generally a GP or primary care physician will request a skeletal survey be performed when child abuse is suspected to assess current and age of prior injuries. CT Scan Non-accidental head injuries (NAHI) are the leading cause of death or neurological dysfunction seen in infants (Jaspan et al. 2003). Researchers agree CT scans are the ideal radiographic modality to assess paediatric head trauma from which to evaluate injury and/or family circumstances that might lead to NAIH conclusions indicative of child abuse or mistreatment (Jaspan et al. 2003; Hymel et al. 1997; Alexander Kleinman 1996). Fell (2007) tells us CT is recommended over standard SXR as SXR are known to delay diagnosis; however SXR in a triage setting when CT is not available when coupled with patient observation is still an option. Stover (1986) believes that a head CT should be considered mandatory for incidents of paediatric head trauma. Unfortunately, as Jaspan et al. (2003) indicate, there are no uniformly agreed upon protocols for radiographic imaging of NAHI. Additionally, Alexander and Kleinman (1996) believe that CT scans without the use of an MRI may underestimate the exten t of injury sustained, for example, MRIs can image subdural hematomas, which according to Alexander and Kleinman (1996) may be â€Å"the only objective imaging evidence of child abuse.† CT scans are also appropriate for other areas. For example, one of the common sites for visceral abuse injuries is the abdomen (Kirks 1983). For blunt trauma injuries to the abdomen, particular for assessing the spleen, kidney or liver, Kirks (1983) believes the CT scan is most appropriate. Albanese et al. (1996) stress the importance of CT scans for blunt abdominal trauma as well, focusing on the modality’s use with contrast media. Serial examinations are considered the â€Å"gold standard† for perforations of the paediatric GI tract due to blunt force trauma (Albanese et al. 1996). However, Kirk (1983) adds that nuclear scintigraphy is appropriate for cases isolated to the liver or spleen alone. MRI The use of MRI’s in cases of suspected child abuse or mistreatment are many, with cervical spine MRIs cited by Feldman et al. (1997) as able to detect previously unsuspected damage to the spinal cord from child abuse in cases of head trauma. Feldman et al. (1997) demonstrated that frequently radiographic examination will show subdural haemorrhages or subarachnoid haemorrhages in the cervical spine level. Although considered a type of MRI modality, Whole-body turbo STIR MR imaging that is based on MRI technology â€Å"with turbo short tau inversion recovery tissue excitation† (Kavanagh, Smith Eustace 2003) is a non-ionizing high-resolution modality that allows for the detection of occult disease states. Stranzinger et al. (2007) advocates the whole body STIR MR imaging as an alternative to skeletal survey radiographic examinations, particularly as a mechanism of avoiding radiation exposure to growing and developing tissues of the child as well as the increased/enhanced modality sensitivity. For example, Stranzinger et al. (2007) found multiple rib fractures in a patient were evident on the STIR MR imaging and definitely suggested child abuse occurred whereas conventional radiographic images only allowed for partial recognition of the fractures and were inconclusive. Diffuse-weighted imaging (DWI) has also been highlighted by current research as superior in detecting post abuse NAIH, particularly when there were posterior aspects of the brain (Suh et al. 2001). DWI has demonstrated effectivity in enhancing traditional MRI use, particularly in its ability to assess trauma severity (Suh et al. 2001). Ultrasound Kirks (1983) believes that visceral abuse trauma for such issues as retroperitoneal hematoma, ultrasound radiography is the most appropriate modality. Stover (1986) states ultrasound imaging should be used in order to exclude visceral lesions in the case of paediatric head trauma. Barthel et al. (2000) found ultrasound to be the most reliable radiographic imaging modality for detecting and diagnosing simple fractures, although compound fractures and fractures of adjacent bone were still better identified and assessed through SXR. Particularly in infants where bone is more cartilaginous, ultrasound has been found a superior modality for assessing fractures in cases of suspected child abuse and/or mistreatment especially as it saves the child from exposure to ionising radiation (Barthel et al. 2000). When assessing ultrasound efficacy for fracture identification in the distal forearm, noted as the most common fracture site in children, Barthel et al. (2000) demonstrated an 89.4% positi ve correlation, with a 94.4% correct ultrasound fracture diagnosis noted in femoral fractures. Additionally, Barthel et al. (2000) note that ultrasound is an excellent radiographic modality to assess stress fractures missed by SXR. While each of the modalities above have been advocated by individual researchers as preferred methods as outlined, Offiah (2003) advocates the use of multiple imaging modalities in order to provide cross-sectional imaging, especially in cases of suspected abuse that result in the need for neurological assessments. In conclusion, Alexander and Kleinman (1996) tell us radiographic imaging may offer the first indication of child abuse. Child protection is a personal and professional responsibility for the radiographer. This essay highlighted the staggering figures of how frequently child abuse is perpetrated. It was also noted that failure to act on suspected abuse is also considered child abuse and endangerment; such that all Trust employees have the responsibility to ensure children are kept safe (Safeguarding our children 2006). This includes being as aware of all imaging modalities appropriate for the detection of suspected child abuse when warranted as opposed to relying on radiography strictly as a static imaging modality. For example, Zimmerman and Bilaniuk (1994) state that in paediatric head trauma, the radiographer has CT and MRI imaging technology available among others, however, based on the radiographer’s knowledge of the type of injury, age of the child and how the trauma occ urred, the appropriate imaging modality or combination of modalities can best identify injury and whether child abuse is a factor. References Albanese, CT, Meza, MP, Gardner, MJ, Smith, SD, Rowe, MI Lynch, JM. Is computed tomography a useful adjunct to clinical examination for the diagnosis of pediatric gastrointestinal perforation from blunt abdominal trauma in children? Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection Critical Care, 40, 417 – 421. Alexander, R Kleinman, PK. 2000. Diagnostic imaging of child abuse: Portable guides to investigating child abuse. Govt. Report NCJ 161235, 3rd Printing. U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Washington, DC. Apgar, B. 1997. Fractures of the hands and feet as signs of child abuse. American Family Physician. Retrieved from: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1:19988704 [Accessed 30 July 2008]. Aspinell, P. 2006. Child protection: Safeguarding and promoting welfare of children and young people. Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust. [Online]. Retrieved from: http://www.phtlearningzone.org.uk/uploads/File/ChildProtection.doc [Accessed 29 July 2008]. Barthel, M, Halsband, H, Outzen, S, Schlicht, W. Hubner, U. 2000. Ultrasound in the diagnosis of fractures in children. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 82, 1170 – 1173. Conway, JJ, Collins, M, Tanz, RR, Radkowski, MA, Anandappa, E, Hernandez, R Freeman, EL. 1993. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, 23, 321 – 33. Davis, M. 2006. It couldn’t happen to me Radiographers and the child and the law. Synergy. Retrieved from: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3:1095072611 [Accessed 28 July 2008]. Davis, M. 2005. The role of the radiographer in the protection of children. Synergy. Retrieved from: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3:910668571 [Accessed 28 July 2008]. Diagnostic imaging of child abuse. 1991. Pediatrics, 87, 262 – 264. Feldman, KW, Weinberger, E, Milstein, JM Fligner, CL. 1997. Cervical spine MRI in abused infants. Child Abuse Neglect, 21, 199 – 205. Fell, M. 2007. The demise of the skull radiograph. Synergy. Retrieved from: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1232668141 [Accessed 30 July 2008]. Freeman, C. 2005. The child and the law: The roles and responsibilities of the radiographer. Society of Radiographers, London, England. [Online]. Retrieved from: http://www.scor-managers.org.uk/pdf/issue8_pdf16.pdf [Accessed 28 July 2008]. Gutanunga, IP, Evans, A Harrison, S. 2007. Investigation of non-accidental injuries: Changes in local policy. Paper presented at the UK Radiological Congress 2007, Manchester, England. 11 – 13 June. [Online]. Retrieved from: http://bjr.birjournals.org/misc/Proceed_2007.pdf [Accessed 28 July 2008]. Howard, JK, Barron, BJ Smith, GG. 1990. Bone scintigraphy in the evaluation of extraskeletal injuries from child abuse. Radiographics, 10, 67 – 81. Hymel, KP, Rumack, CM, Hay, TC, Strain, JD Jenny, C. 1997. Comparison of intracranial computer tomographic (CT) findings in pediatric abusive and accidental head trauma. Pediatric Radiology, 27, 743 – 747. Imaging suspected NAI. 2002. Syngery. [Online]. Retrieved from: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3:354983461 [Accessed 28 July 2008]. Jaspan, T, Griffiths, PD, McConachie, NS Punt, JAG. 2003. Neuroimaging for non-accidental head injury in childhood: A proposed protocol. Clinical Radiology, 58, 44 – 53. Johnson, KJ. 2007. Invited review: Investigating NAI. Paper presented at the UK Radiological Congress 2007, Manchester, England. 11 – 13 June. [Online]. Retrieved from: http://bjr.birjournals.org/misc/Proceed_2007.pdf [Accessed 28 July 2008]. Kavanagh, E, Smith, C Eustace, S. 2003. Whole-body turbo STIR MR imaging: Controversies and avenues for development. European Radiology, 13, 2196 -2205. Kirks, DR, 1983. Radiological evaluation of visceral injuries in the battered child syndrome. Pediatric Annals, 12, 888 – 893. Longerman, GJ, Baker, AM, Morey, MK Boos, SC. 2003. Child abuse: Radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics, 23, 811 845. Mandelstam, SA, Cook, D, Fitzgerald, M Ditchfield, MR. 2003. Complementary use of radiological skeletal survey and bone scintigraphy in suspected child abuse. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 88, 387 – 390. Norris, TG. 2001. Pediatric skeletal trauma. Radiologic Technology, 72, 345 -373. Offiah, A. 2003. Imaging of non-accidental injury. Current Paediatrics, 13, 455 – 459. Safeguarding children and young people. 2006. National Public Health Service for Wales. [Online]. Retrieved from: www.ich.ucl.ac.uk//Centre_for_evidence_based_child_health/CustomMenu_02/safeguarding_children_rcpch0.pdf [Accessed 28 July 2008]. Silverman, FN. 1987. Radiology and other imaging procedures. In RE Helfer and RS Kempe, eds. The Battered Child. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Stranzinger, E, Kellenberger, C, Braunschweig, S, Hopper, R Huisman, T. 2007. Whole-body STIR MR imaging in suspected child abuse: An alternative to skeletal survey radiography? European Journal of Radiology Extra, 63, 43 – 47. Stover, B. 1986. Radiologic diagnosis of the batter child syndrome. Minatsschr Kinderheilkd, 134, 322 – 327. Suh, DY, Dabid, PC, Hopkins, KL, Fajman, NN Mapstone, TB. 2001. Non-accidential pediatric head injury: Diffusion-weighted imaging findings. The Lancet, 360, 271 – 272. Summerfield, OJ, Gay, D, Shirley, J Thorogood, S. 2007. Who should report skeletal surveys in non-accidental injury: Generalist or specialist? Paper presented at the UK Radiological Congress 2007, Manchester, England. 11 – 13 June. [Online]. Retrieved from: http://bjr.birjournals.org/misc/Proceed_2007.pdf [Accessed 28 July 2008]. Zimmerman, RA Bilaniuk, LT. 1994. Pediatric head trauma. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, 4, 349 – 366.

The Reality of Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives Essay example -- W

The Reality of Jacob Riis' How the Other Half Lives Jacob Riis’ book How the Other Half Lives is a detailed description on the poor and the destitute in the inner realms of New York City. Riis tries to portray the living conditions through the ‘eyes’ of his camera. He sneaks up on the people flashes a picture and then tells the rest of the city how the ‘other half’ is living. As shocking as the truth was without seeing such poverty and horrible conditions with their own eyes or taking in the experience with all their senses it still seemed like a million miles away or even just a fairy tale.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reality of this book hit the people of New York right between the eyes. Riis was once ascribed the label of lower class society, but worked his way up the ladder of success and entered into a higher class among humanity. Riis tried to write this book with pure objectivity but given his background and emotional connection to the tenement dwellers it was hard to keep that objectivity throughout his book. The references he uses to describe some of the immigrant live-ins were negative and very much stereotypical. For example on page 92 when he’s referring to Italians and their ability to speak, English. â€Å"Unlike the German, who begins learning English the day he lands as a matter of duty, or the Polish Jew, who takes it up as soon as he is able as an investment, the Italian learns slowly, if at all.† By referring to Italians in such a way gives, the effect that he holds a personal grudge against them. He makes it seem like they have personally of fended him by not knowing the English language, when in reality I don’t think he cares at all about what they have to say or what they think about him. He feels that if they (Italians or any of the minority groups) come to the United States they should be well briefed enough know the basic communication needs of his language or don’t come at all because your wasting his time and frankly just being a pain in the ass. He refers to all the immigration groups in a judgmental way. He complains about the intelligence levels of the Italians, how dirty and deceitful the Jews are, and even the immaculate cleanliness of the Chinamen. Although he does possess quite a bit of bigotry that boarders on the line of prejudice when it comes to African Americans he recognizes that they are suffering from racism and he sympathizes with th... ... them enough to care how they live. Once that was done you could take the care they discovered for those people and use it to better their homes. And the city would well be on it’s way to improvement. Riis writes his book effectively and manages to grasp the attention of the nation with his exposà © of real life stories and his snap photography of the tenements of New York City. His point of view wasn’t always objective and he had many stereotypes burned into his brain, but at the same time without some of those preconceived ideas I don’t think his writing would have been as effective as it was. There were real emotions and deep feelings that went into his work. Without his connection to the poverty stricken, he would not have an understanding of where those immigrants were mentally, the pain they were going through and the ‘rough road’ ahead of them. The main purpose of his book was to try to help open the eyes of the people in New York to the conditions in which the immigrants are living. By opening their eyes, he hoped that there would be compassion growing in their hearts and maybe open up to that community and aid in the reconstruction of the tenem ents in which they resided.

The Government Should Respect Property Rights Essay -- Expository Exem

The Government Should Respect Property Rights Imagine you’ve been enjoying your backyard picnic table and chairs for the past 10 years when suddenly, for no apparent reason, you are served notice from a government agency that you will be fined $6,000 a day unless you remove them. Or, imagine you would like to add a stone walkway to your garden. You begin to research the procedure and costs, only to learn that a lengthy application will be required, with multiple hearings before a state commission. You find yourself embroiled in a Kafkaesque legal battle costing tens of thousands of dollars. Finally, after years of struggle the government demands, as a condition for approving your little walkway, that you â€Å"donate† a portion of your land to the state. Do these sound like nightmarish stories out of some totalitarian regime? Shockingly, they are normal, everyday incidents for property owners across the nation. In California, for example, a state agency called the California Coastal Commission routinely tramples the property rights of coastal landowners. People residing within five miles inland of California’s 1,100 miles of coastline are subject to the commission’s power to approve or deny improvements involving â€Å"any solid structure† on their property. This can include adding a room to a home, planting trees, adding a fence or garden walkway and, yes, in one current Orange County case, a picnic table and chairs. Established in 1976, the California Coastal Commission’s mandate is to â€Å"preserve, protect . . . and restore the resources of the coastal zone for the enjoyment of the current and succeeding generations.† The Commission operates on the premise that the roughly 1.5 million acres under its jurisdiction are a... ...erty without permission from his tenant. Near San Francisco certain homes designated as â€Å"affordable† can be sold for no more than a government-controlled price. In Portland there are wide swaths of the city in which one cannot build a single-family home on one’s own land, even if it is adjacent to other suburban homes. In hundreds of U.S. cities, various laws establishing â€Å"historical districts,† â€Å"landmarks,† or â€Å"improvement zones† straightjacket owners who are consequently unable to remove trees, erect fences, add rooms, or even change rain gutters. Government boards, agencies and commissions with this kind of authority should be opposed not on a case-by-case basis, but on principle. The only proper state policy with respect to private property is: hands off! In America, no governmental agency should have the power to deprive an individual of his property rights.

Instruments in worship? :: essays research papers

INSTRUMENTS IN WORSHIP? One of the most debated issues in today’s church is instruments in worship. There have been many arguments for the use of instruments, but none of which are accurate. The one debating for instruments must ignore biblical silence and add on to what God has ordained. The two most widely used arguments for instruments are: there is no condemnation of the use of instruments and that instruments are used in the same manner as a visual aid is in preaching. One can argue that there is no condemnation of worshipping with instruments. This is true. There is no text in the bible that says, â€Å"thou shalt not use instruments.† This argument is obviously faulty because of the parallels of this in the bible. Moses was told by God to speak to the rock and water would come out. God did not say for Moses not to strike the rock. Moses struck it and he was not allowed to see the promise land but was to die in the wilderness (Numbers 20:8-11). â€Å"While they were eating, He took some bread and after He broke it, and gave it to them, and said, ’Take it; this is my body.’ And when He had taken a cup and given thanks, He gave it to them, and they all drank from it. And He said to them, ’This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many’† (Mark 14: 22-24). We are commanded to use the fruit of the vine and unleavened bread for the Lord’s supper. We aren’t told not to use Pork and water, but that would not be the Lord’s supper. Mark 16:16 says, â€Å"He who believes and is baptized shall be saved, but he who does not believe is already condemned.† It doesn’t say that he who is not baptized is unsaved, but it is deducted from the statement that the one who is not baptized is unsaved. It is not hard to see that this is a very week argument. â€Å"Speaking to one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody with your heart to the Lord† (Ephesians 5:19). If we are told to sing and not told to use instruments, then we are not allowed to use instruments. Biblical parallels prove this. Another argument, and perhaps the best argument, states that using instruments is simply to assist one’s