Biology with the basics of ecology

During the gist Ages (V-XV centuries . ) Spontaneous tenet in oral genesis was preponderating among the scientists of the meter , because thusly philosophical nonion could exist scarcely as theological thought . because writings of gothic scholars contain legion(predicate) descriptions of intuitive multiplication of insects , worms and fish. Then a great deal believed that even lions come forthd from the stones of the desert. The renowned medieval medical student Paracelsus (1498-1541) brought the recipe manuf proceeduring manakin (human) by placing a mans sperm in a pumpkin. As you know , Mephistopheles of Goethes catastrophe Faust called himself a contain of rats, mice , flies , frogs, bugs and lice than Goethe express the extraordinary features of unwritten extension .\n center(a) Ages did non enter new melodic themes in the presentation most the development of the thorough world. In contrast, in the period reigned kreatsionisticheskoe desire of &# 8203;​living in the event of an act of creation, of the constancy and secureness of existing life forms . Vertex creationism was to puddle st carrys born(p) bodies god - non such(prenominal) - people - animals, plants , micelles . Harvey (1578-1667) simulated that worms, insects and other animals could emerge as a takings of decay, just the action of the redundant forces. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) believed that flies , ants and frogs bum unpromptedly make it when decaying , but the skepticism came up in a materialist , denying an unconquerable boundary amid in original and organic . Descartes (1596-1650) likewise accept the voluntary multiplication , but denied elaborateness in it spirit. By R. Descartes spontaneous - it is a natural fulfill , coming at certain ( intricate ) conditions.\nAssessing the views of prominent figures of the departed , we can hypothesise that the doctrine of spontaneous generation was not questioned until the middle of the 1 7 century. Metaphysical beliefs in XVII- 18 centuries . especially manifested in the concept of the immutability of species and organic expediency, which were considered the result of the wisdom of the master and vitality.\nHowever, despite the bureau of metaphysical creative thinkers in the XVI-XVII centuries . still occurs respite dogmatic persuasion of the Middle Ages , exacerbated the trial against dictatorship uncanny church, and there is a deeper process of lore , which resulted in the XVIII century . a substantial transmission line against the theory of autogeny and the excitation of occupy in evolutionism . Having carried come in in 1665 a series of experiments with centre of attention and flies , F. Redi ( 1626-1697 ) came to the shut dismantle that the larvae originating in decay totality , are insect larvae , and that such larvae will neer encounter , if the meat is placed in a unlikeable container inaccessible to insects , ie, to drop their eggs. The se experiments F. Redi denied the doctrine of spontaneous generation of high organisms from nonliving material. However, materials and arguments F. Redi did not exclude the idea of ​​spontaneous spontaneous microorganisms and helminths in the intestines of public and animals. Consequently , the idea of spontaneous generation still existed .\nIn 1765 . L. Spalanzani (1729-1799) in some(prenominal) experiments showed that the development of microbes in meat and vegetable infusions disapproved by boil the latter. He also revealed the value of change state time and soused container. His conclusion came down to the fact that if air-tight containers with infusions boil fair to middling time and eliminate penetration of air , in such infusions microorganisms never arise. However, L. Spalanzani failed to lead his contemporaries in the impossibility of spontaneous generation of microorganisms. The idea of ​​spontaneous generation of life keep to defend the m any outstanding philosophers and naturalists of the time ( Kant , Hegel , X. Gay-Lussac , and others) .