Secure and Insecure Attachment - Paper - 1038 Words

STAGES OF ATTACHMENT Secure and Insecure Attachment Elif Ercanli Johnson County Community Collage Attachment is a lasting emotional bond between people. According to Berger (2011) it begins before birth, solidifies age, and influences relationships throughout life. The concept of attachment was originally developed by John Bowlby (1969,1973,1988), a British developmentalist influenced by psychoanalytic theory and ethology, the study of animals, a precursor to evolutionary psychology. ( Schore, 2001)Attachment theory is fundamentally a theory of the development of the personality over the lifespan (Ainsworth amp; Bowlby, 1992) Stages of Attachment Birth to 6 weeks: Preattachment. Newborns signal, via crying and body movements, that they†¦show more content†¦12 to 18 years New attachment figures. Teenagers explore and make friendships on their own, using their working models of earlier attachments as a base. With more advanced, formal operational thinking (Piaget), physical contact is less important; share ideals and goals are more influential. 18 years on Attachment revisited. Adults develop relationship with others, especially relationships with romantic partners and children, influenced by earlier attachment patterns. Past insecure attachments from childhood can be repaired rather than repeated, although this does not always happen. According to kallen attachment is classified into four types, labeled A, B, C, and D. Insecure-avoidant attachment (A) A patterns of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregivers, as when the infant seems not to care about the caregiver’s presence, departure, or return. Secure attachment (B) A relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver. Insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment (type C) A pattern of attachment in which anxiety and uncertainty are evident, as when an infant becomes very upset at separation from the caregivers and both resists and seeks contact on reunion. Disorganized attachment (type D) A type of attachment that is marked by an infant’s inconsistent reactions to the caregiver’s departure and return. Types A and C is characterized by fear, anxiety,Show MoreRelatedJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1423 Words   |  6 Pagestheory of attachment asserts that an infant forms an attachment to the primary caregiver to ensure survival. Developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth furthered this idea by devising attachment styles in infants. Ainsworth believed that the quality of care given by the mother or primary caregiver results in the infant developing a secure or insecure attachment. Ainsworth identified three attachment styles, namely; secure, avoidant and anxious/ambivalent attachments. As the word infers, a secure infantRead MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Maltreatment On Children And Families1112 Words   |  5 Pagesand others are created (Marmarosh Tasca, 2013 and Snyder, Shapiro, Treleaven, 2012). These experiences are associated with the development of neural pathways in the brain that control responses to stress (Marmarosh Tasca, 2013), and impact attachments and relations hips in adulthood (Snyder, Shapiro, Treleaven, 2012). The diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been used for nearly three decades (Kisiel, Fehrenback, Torgersen, 2014). It has been proposed that the various consequencesRead MoreThe Emotional Bond Between A Parent And Their Child1469 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Bowlby theorized attachment as the emotional bond between a parent and their child (Stevenson-Hinde, 2007). How secure this bond is can influence a variety of areas in the child’s development. A parent can secure this attachment by how they interpret and respond to their child’s needs. There are four attachment patterns that can form, secure, avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized. A child who is secure in their attachment is able to regulate their emotions in stressful situations, exploreRead MoreThe Between Seven And 11 Months Of Age991 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween seven and 11 months of age, there is a strong show of attachment as well as an inclination towards a specific caregiver. Separation from the specific caregiver results in protests and anxiety when placed around strangers, a phenomenon Immordino-Yang and Damasio (2011) refered to as separation anxiety and stranger anxiety respectively. In the multiple attachments stage, just after nine months, children start forming emotional bonds beyond the primary figure they were previously attachedRead MoreChildhood Attachment Disorders And Its Effects On The Developing Brain1473 Words   |  6 PagesInsecure attachments in childhood can have a profound impact on the developing brain, which in turn affects an individual’s relationships, self-esteem, and self-regulation. Substance use disorders are a common response to unresolved childhood pain which is perpetuated by the inability to self-soothe and regulate one’s emotions. Those with undiagnosed attachment disorders can exhibit misguided attempts at protecting oneself through the use of substances. Studies with children suggest that reactiveRead MoreLevels Of Attachment And The Quality Of The Parent Child Relationship Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pageson levels of attachment and the quality of the parent-child relationship starting at birth and moving up through infancy. These studies have found that the infants involved in the study could be categorized as either having a secure or insecure attachment to their caregivers. Some children grow secure attachments with the caretaker from the daycare and thus have weaker relationships with their parents. Researchers have found that there could be variations on how critical the attachment is effectedRead MoreThe Measure Of Attachment Style Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesMeasure of Attachment Style Naseem Ahmad1, Azmat Jahan2, Nasheed Imtiaz3 1. Research scholar, Department of Psychology, AMU, Aligarh. 2. Research Scholar, Department of Psychology, JMI, New Delhi. 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, AMU, Aligarh. __________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: __________________________________________________________________________________ This paper describes the development and standardization ofRead MoreI Will Be Using Emotion Focused Therapy1520 Words   |  7 PagesI will be using Emotion Focused Therapy, and in particular will concentrate on Attachment Theory within EFT to conceptualize Ally’s presenting difficulties that she came to therapy for. A key premise of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) is that emotion is foundational in the construction of the self and is a key element of self organization (Greenberg, 2004). Emotions are seen as an adaptive form of information-processing and action readiness that orients people to their environment, and promotes theirRead MoreThe Core Tenets Of Social Defense Theory Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Despite its roots in evolutionary theory, attachment theory has long split itself into two factions: adaptive and maladaptive. For years, insecure attachment has been implicated as one of the root causes for a number of psychological concerns (Dozier, Stovall-McClough, Albus, 2008). The development of social defense theory, however, provides an entirely new interpretation of attachment – that all attachment dispositions (secure, anxious, and avoidant) have access to different cognitiveRead MoreRelationship Between Security Of Attachment And Cognitive Development1513 Words   |  7 Pagesof attachment and cognitive development creates the underlying foundation from which individual’s operate throughout the lifespan (Carruth, 2006). The security of attachment between an infant and their primary caregiver can have profound consequences for the developing brain, impacting an infant’s future relationships, self-esteem, and ability to self-regulate emotions (Carrut h, 2006). Attachment theory, first theorized by John Bowlby (1988), stresses the significance of secure attachments in relation

Notes from the Underground by Fyodor Dostoyevsky - 1616 Words

Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821-1881) was a Russian novelist, journalist, and short story writer that discussed the psychological state of the human soul in many of his works, one in particular is Notes from the Underground; which was published in 1864. Notes from the Underground, had a great influence in the 20th century; the novel takes a man’s inability to communicate with society and uses it to teach readers about the importance of other humans in our daily lives and how that affects the way we think, live, and learn. Although the narrator has alienated himself from society, Dostoyevsky uses his knowledge of diction, style, grammar, and many other literary devices to show the reader that the narrator is lacking the knowledge to communicate†¦show more content†¦But never, never have I ceased to love that one, and even on the night I parted from him I loved him perhaps more poignantly than ever. (Fyodor Dostoyevsky Page 87).† This quote from the novel has multiple us es of diction, Dostoyevsky uses vocabulary such as â€Å"poignantly† and â€Å"extinguished† to describe his feelings in an intelligent manner and then the grammar of Dostoyevsky is a great way to learn how to write because his words flow together like a river thus giving the character attitude and passion for what he writes. The overall theme of Notes from the Underground is alienation; however the novels theme is more complex than that. The novel gives readers an ethic to take into account when they are feeling alienated. It takes all sides of alienation and establishes the cons of it, an example of this is the way ‘Underground Man’ deliberately arranges to be in a place where he is going to meet the officer just to refuse to move aside, allowing himselfShow MoreRelatedNotes From The Underground by Fyodor Dostoyevsky577 Words   |  2 PagesThe Underground Man is alone because he has chosen to be; he is hyper-conscious, meaning he is too aware and over analyses everything – his biggest worries are petty compared to what is going around him. As a society, we worry so much about ourselves and our own persona, we sometimes become paranoid. A perfect example is given when the Underground Man is on the verge of having dinner with his old comrades and he notices a stain on his trousers â€Å"The worst of it was that on the knee of my trousersRead MoreThe Underground Man Essay971 Words   |  4 PagesNotes from the Underground is a novel written by Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky. In this book, Dostoyevsky illustrated his ideals through the words of his literary protagonist, the Underground Man. The Underground Man strikes the readers as a person , and one of the things that he abhors was the way in which progressive thinkers of his era worship reason. This was amusing because at the same time, he does not entirely reject reason. From analyzing the text, it is apparent that the UndergroundRead MoreThe Themes of Dostoyevsky2976 Words   |  12 Pages The Themes of Dostoyevsky Fyodor Dostoyevsky, born in 1821, would become one of the greatest writers in Russian literature. Fyodor received an education in engineering in St. Petersburg, but decided to follow a literary career. He was a person who wrote how they felt about certain topics, and felt that everyone should know about the government. Dostoyevsky joined the underground group, the Petrashevsky circle, the to bring out the truth in these books, which were forbidden in the public. ThroughRead MoreEssay about Fyodor Dostoyevsky636 Words   |  3 PagesFyodor Dostoyevsky       Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821-1881) was one of the greatest Russian novelists to ever live. There are so few authors, as Dostoyevsky was, who have had such a great impact on 20th century western literature. His works analyze social, moral, political, and psychological aspects of mankind.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dostoyevsky was born in Moscow in 1821. Much of Dostoyevskys life experiences, especially early on, provided much influence for his writings. Dostoyevskys determinationRead MoreThe Underground Man By Fyodor Dostoyevsky875 Words   |  4 Pages Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s novel, Notes from the Underground Man, uses the idea of a modern dystopia by depicting a story that revolves around a distressed older man. Throughout the novel, the main character has a narcissistic belief that he is better than everyone else because of his acute sense of consciousness. His awareness however, also causes him to believe not only are people ignorant to the world around him but that they are also against him. In contrast, critics believe that the main characterRead MoreKnowing Is Better Than Not Knowing1676 Words   |  7 PagesKnowing is Better than Not Knowing Fyodor Dostoevsky’a novel â€Å"Notes from Underground† is known for being the first existentialist novel. A 40 year old man living in St. Petersburg, Russia known as the Underground Man works as a civil servant, but retired shortly after inheriting money from a distant relative. The Underground Man introduces himself by telling the reader, â€Å"I am a sick man. ... I am a spiteful man. I am an unattractive man† (1). He also says he could never be spiteful and how he couldRead More Humanities’ Irrational and its Effects on a Utopian Society1690 Words   |  7 Pagesthe recognition that the irrational is there, that it must be controlled to take over. Man’s aggressive nature does tend to overpower the mind, leading to irrational actions. Both Freud’s Civilization and its Discontents and Dostoyevsky’s Notes from Underground show how humans are controlled by their irrational drives and that, as a result, the attempts to create a utopia n society are futile. To take a different view of the irrational actions in humans, a cinematic frame of reference was introducedRead MoreUnderground Man By Fyodor Dostoyevsky1453 Words   |  6 PagesFyodor Dostoyevsky paints Underground man as someone who is tortured in his novel Notes From Underground. Despite everything that Underground man says he is lost and has no sense of his identity. When the character of Liza is introduced the reader gains some hope that the Underground man can find love. Although Underground man ultimately pushes Liza away, he really loved her through his own idea of love. Underground man shows this love for her through his first conversation with Liza, his tryingRead MoreDostoyevsky ‘Notes from Underground’ Critique Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Notes from Underground† was published in 1864 as a feature presentation of his first 1860 issue â€Å"The Epoch†. â€Å"Notes from Underground† was written by the autho r during a time when he faced many challenges in his life. Dostoyevsky faced failure in the publishing of his first journal â€Å"Time†, his financial position was becoming weaker and embarrassing. Moreover, his wife was dying and his conservatism was eroded leading to a decline in his popularity with the liberal reading Russians and consequentlyRead MoreThe Underground Man By Fyodor Dostoyevsky952 Words   |  4 PagesIn Notes from the Underground by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, the underground man is a man who is â€Å"living out [his] life in a [his] corner† (2) and is paralyzed by consciousness. The underground man proposes the example of revenge as a way to examine the differences between himself and the man of action; the man of action being a man who can act as opposed to the paralysis of the underground man. The man of action can act, but his position is inconsistent. The underground man thinks he will be miserable regardless

Never, Never Give Up free essay sample

The expression Never, never give up means to keep trying and never stop working for your goals. Do you agree or disagree? The expression Never, never give up means to keep trying and never stop working for your goals. Some people really believe In this and live their lives trying their best to get to their goals.Other people give up really easy. Personally I agree with the statement with this statement. Len the allowing paragraphs I will express some of my reasons and examples that makes me to agree with this expression. I believe with my whole heart that life would be really boring If we would not have dreams and goals to fallow. So, If we have a big goal In our life what wouldnt we do everything we can to make It happened.The easiest thing we can do is to have an optimistic approach and never, never give up. We will write a custom essay sample on Never, Never Give Up or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For instance a weak after me and my husband meet for the first time, my husband told me he would like to have a serious relationship with me for marriage. L told him that s not possible a lot of times but he never, never give up on me and now we are so happy that he didnt. We got married after one year and this became a dream come true for both of us!An other reason that can make us keep trying and never stop working for your goals and never, never give up is the regrets that could come if we would give up easy. Life is good and we should enjoy every minute of it. Working hard for our goals will bring us Joy,happiness and satisfaction in the end. Elf we will give up that the rest of our lives we will live with regrets saying that maybe it would have appended if we would have never, never give up. Living a life of regrets is not fun so I prefer to keep working for my goals.In conclusion I would say that life is a journey and we can make it a great one if we are set up goals and if we keep trying and never stop working for your goals which means never,never give up. An other quote says everything is possible if you believe. I really believe that we could make a great motto for our lives and combine these two expression by saying never, never give up because everything is possible if you believe.

My Neighborhood free essay sample

I can hear laughter and the giggles coming from my window. When I walk outside I see the girls playing â€Å"catch me if you can†, the boys playing football, basketball in the yards. Some of them just sit around their corner with their own group and talk about girls. As for the Grown-ups, they’re always gossiping about the next door neighbor. Mr. Carter, you will never forget his name. He’s always wearing a green shirt with long black pants. And he’s always in every one’s business. â€Å"I am the father of this neighborhood; it is my job to know what comes in and what goes out†. If you ever have a concern about your kids or the neighborhood, you know that Mr. Carter is here for you. He was like the Undercover of everyone’s childhood growing up. My aunty Anabel, can’t forget about her. Everyone in the neighborhood knew her as the â€Å"queen of the neighborhood†. We will write a custom essay sample on My Neighborhood or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You may ask why, well it’s because she used to cook for the entire neighborhood whenever there was a festival. I remember one day it was Mr. Carter’s 90th birthday. He made sure everyone knew about it, he made Mrs. Carter backed small cookies. At 4:00pm sharp he walked around and gives every house in the neighborhood one cookie, believe it or not that was your invitation. As soon as my aunty heard the news, she got everything together and started a huge barbecue party for him. There wasn’t one person who stayed home that day. That day I remember me and my best friend Ana sitting next to Mr. Carter for the first time. We were really scared of him, since we were five learning how to walk. We never wanted to approach him; well we taught he wouldn’t like us. Just because he would tell on every kid in the neighborhood. We approached him slowly, trying to wish him a happy birthday. â€Å"Well well well who do we have here† he said with a firm voice. â€Å"Happy birthday Mr. Carter!† we replied. He gave us a smile and said â€Å"for six years, you two never come to me, don’t even talk to me; I think I’m blushing† we giggled. We sat on his lap; he told us some old stories about when he was a kid. We were surprised because he was born in the same neighborhood. Sadly two days later Mr. Carter passed away, it was the worst news for everyone. I remember going to his funeral bringing him a single flower crying. In my neighborhood where I grew up, that’s where everything good happens. People with good heart that donates any kind of things to each other. You would know everyone in the neighborhood, starting from the youngest to the oldest. Not to forget how the oldest can be a pain, they will make sure that every kid in the neighborhood knew that they were watching them in case you wouldn’t know. Saturday morning was the day that you would see every kid cleaning every corner of their house. The women would be out in the market getting ready to cook a big family meal. The male would be either in their own yards cleaning it, or in the house fixing anything that was broken. Well that’s my neighborhood; where everyone knew each other. Where the elderly had the right to punish you without your parent’s permission. When Mr. Carter was the chief of the neighborhood. May his soul be rest in peace. My neighborhood where I was raised by the village, where I learned everything. Sadly I had to leave to come to the US, but one day I will go back and re-live everything that happened in my childhood.